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Gray Horse Color Genetics


Caleyndar, a White Gray Arabian Stallion, owned by Esta Bernstein

 

While gray is visually a distinct coat color, it is genetically a pattern that is imposed over other colors. Horses are not just 'gray'; they can be bay grays, cremello grays, silver grullo roan grays, etc.

Gray is a pattern that is dominant over all other colors. For that reason, when you see a gray horse, it is impossible to tell what genes it has. A gray horse's foal color should be noted for this reason.

The gray gene (G) is dominant and thus will not skip generations. Two non-grays can never have a gray foal. Gray in horses is a bit like gray in humans-- the hair will lighten with age. In horses, the graying usually starts when the foal coat is shed, although the graying can start later when the horse is a few years old. Some horses will gray very quickly, and some will gray gradually. Eventually, the horse's coat will turn white.

While the horse is turning gray, it may develop odd patches of lighter hair that look like large spots. These are called "Watermarks". The graying process will even the horse's coat up and make these dissapear as the horse ages.

Since the graying process creates many shades as the horse gets lighter and lighter, there are many terms for the different 'shades' of gray. However, unlike shades in other colors, the shade will not remain for long and will lighten with age. "Rose Gray" is a term used to describe bays and chestnuts as they are turning gray and are a slight pink color; "Steel" or "Iron" is often used for black horses that are a deep gray color; and "dappled gray" is used on horses that have dark dapples of their base color that are visible. A "White gray" is a horse that has completely lightened

When a horse grays, the pigment is gradually removed from the skin and hair and is deposited in the gut and intestines. For this reason, grays are more likely to get melanoma (lumps of pigment granules), especially under the tail near the rectum (intestines)and on the face where pigment is deposited.


Horse with extreme fleabitten pattern. The patch on the shoulder is not a bloodmark, it is just water. King Sonitas, AQHA stallion Owned by Teresa Coufal Website .

Some grays will have flecks of their base color in their coat; these are called flea-bitten grays. The flecks reflect the horse's base color; a bay or chestnut will have red flecks, a black will have black flecks, etc. Flea-bitten grays also get more colored (fleabitten) as they age, getting more speckles. Fleabitten grays are recessive, as non-fleabitten grays have had a fleabitten foal. Fleabittens are rarer than regular grays. Sometimes the flea-bites will touch each other, creating a large splotch, and sometimes a striking colored patch. These are called bloodmarks.

Gray horses can be born any color, as the gray pattern will show up on a horse having any base color or genes. A gray foal could be born cremello, black and white tobiano, an appaloosa leopard, etc., but the gray will eventually 'take over' and turn the horse gray. For that reason, people who breed for Appaloosa or Pinto coloration should avoid grays.

Because gray is a dominant color, breeds can consist entirely of grays. An example is Lipizzan or Lipizzaner horses, a breed that is almost exclusively gray. A rare bay or black, the offspring of two heterozygous grays, is occaisionally born and is considered good luck.


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